Age-related characteristics for different periods in a person’s life, external and internal causes, changes in hormone levels, bad habits, as well as psycho-emotional factors can affect changes in blood pressure and lead to its increase. It’s not always on time for people to go to the doctor, so hypertension takes a permanent form. The article will tell about the symptoms of hypertension, as well as its differences with hypotension.
The first manifestation
High blood pressure is characterized by morphological changes in blood vessels that affect a person’s general well -being. To understand whether a person has hypertension, and what symptoms characterize this pathology, you need to know the simplest method of self -diagnosis that will help you respond correctly to the surge of indicators and prevent complications.
Hypertension is one of the most common diseases. Hypertension occurs in every third person, and is characterized by a high mortality rate in the severe stage. Only complex treatments that combine medications and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can be successful.
Hypertension is characterized by a gradual, long, slow course, and is initially characterized by the absence of severe symptoms. At high pressure, the presence of disease can be indicated by symptoms that appear periodically, which include:
- pain in the occipital or temporal region;
- dizziness;
- hearing loss, ringing in the ears;
- blurred vision;
- tachycardia and chest pain;
- nausea and vomiting reflex;
- feeling short of breath;
- anxiety;
- irritable;
- sweating or chills;
- recurrent nosebleeds.
The presence of at least one of the above hypertensive symptoms, which may be the first, is a reason to visit a family doctor or therapist for diagnostic and preventive purposes, as the disease in an untreated advanced condition can lead to formidable complications such as myocardial infarction and stroke. ischemia.
Characteristics of symptoms
Arterial hypertension always disappears with a headache in the back of the head or temples, which, at the beginning of the pathological development, is well stopped by analgesic drugs. Its occurrence is associated with changes in the lumen of the cerebral vessels towards narrowing. People with high blood pressure headaches describe them as dull or like cramps in the back of the head, and sharp, stabbing, throbbing in the temporal area.
Tinnitus and hearing loss in hypertension can be caused by damage to the hearing aid ducts.
Important! Sudden pain in the head is a direct indication to measure pressure.
Deterioration of vision in hypertension in the form of doubling, blinking spots (flies) in front of the eyes is associated with a lack of blood supply in the retina and impaired optic nerve function.
Nausea and vomiting reflexes occur in response to the onset of headaches and dizziness, and manifestations of frequent heartbeats and pain in the back of the sternum due to disturbances in the work of the circulatory tract of the lungs. Feelings of shortness of breath (shortness of breath) characterize high blood pressure, and are more common in obese patients at any age.
Frequent symptoms of high blood pressure can lead to a state of hypertension. And then, skin hyperemia on the face, anxiety, heart disease will join the above pathological signs. This condition will not go away on its own, and requires emergency therapy.
Important! Symptoms of high blood pressure that appear periodically will prompt the patient to consult a doctor and start treatment. The asymptomatic course of the disease steals precious time from a person.
Tonometer indicator
To understand whether there is an increase in pressure, it is necessary to measure the indicators periodically with a tonometer under different conditions (well -being, poor), and also know their norms.
The standard value is considered to be 120/80 mm Hg. Art. The range of 10 units from this figure is not a deviation. Signs of an increase of more than 140/90 mm Hg. Art. , in combination with headache, nausea, heart pain are considered symptoms of arterial hypertension.
Important! Stress in a person is always individual, it depends on the body and external causes. "Working" tone - this is the number of blood pressures at which the patient feels well. Hypertensive patients know their normal values, and control them by taking antihypertensive medications at the right time chosen by the attending physician.
Characteristics of pathological stage
The signs of high blood pressure directly depend on the level of the indicator height, of which there are 3 in hypertension. It can be presented in tabular form:
| Stages of hypertension | Systolic index (mm Hg) | Diastolic number (mm Hg) | The main symptoms of hypertension |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 degree | 140-160 | 90-100 | They pass without a clear clinic, characterized by periodic increases, rapidly normalizing. Rarely, dizziness, insomnia, heaviness in the head, with localization in the back of the head, are noted. |
| 2 degrees | 160-180 | 100-110 | Pain in the occipital or temporal region is very pronounced, accompanied by nausea, dizziness, weakness, insomnia. |
| 3 degrees | up to 182 and above | over 110 | Unbearable headache (especially in the morning), nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, visual disturbances, shortness of breath, sweating, tachycardia, swelling of the lower legs, thirst, urinary disturbances. |
Clinical hypertension in the early stages may be mild. A person for a long time may not be aware of the increase in pressure and the processes that develop in the vessel. The early and early signs of hypertension are irritability for no apparent reason and increased fatigue.
Symptoms of high blood pressure in hypertension 2 and 3 degrees with systolic readings exceeding 160 mm. leads to a crisis of hypertension, which is characterized by significant pain in the head of various nature, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision (fog, shroud) or small flashing dots, as well as: trembling in the limbs, rapid pulse, tightnessshortness of breath, heart disease, arrhythmias, loss of consciousness.
What is arterial hypertension - all hypertensive patients know. It is useful to know how you can help yourself or a loved one before the arrival of the ambulance, when an emergency occurs for the first time:
- Place 1 tablet of validol or nitroglycerin under the tongue.
- Arrange air access, undress tight and give the patient an elevated position on the bed (lift on a pillow).
- Put a mustard plaster on the calf muscles.
- Give in 30 drops (1 tablespoon) of alcoholic solution of valerian, motherwort.
- Take any analgesic for headaches, and smear whiskey, forehead, neck area and behind the ears with bulb oil.
- You can soak your feet in hot water for 15 minutes.
In addition, doctors recommend doing simple exercises to restore breathing. To do this, it is recommended to take a deep breath, hold your breath, and then exhale slowly. This needs to be done 3 to 5 times. The position of the body in this case should be lying down.
Important! With immediate help to a patient experiencing a hypertensive crisis, he or she may have a cerebral stroke or myocardial infarction. Since grades 2 and 3 are incurable, patients must maintain the increase in pressure under constant control.
Age characteristics
Increased stress in people over the age of 50 is often associated with new problems in heart and blood vessel function, atherosclerosis, anemia, hyperthyroidism, and impaired kidney function. There may be shortness of breath, significant swelling in the legs, cardiac arrhythmias. Compared to men, women get sick more often.
Symptoms of high blood pressure are always caused by age -related changes in the duct, causing a loss of its elasticity. In addition to the typical clinical features of hypertension, it is possible to add intermittent claudication, frequent fainting, dizziness when changing body position, noise in the head, and symptoms of compression pain in the back of the sternum. There is also general lethargy, decreased performance and weakness.
Since indicator growth can occur in people of different ages, symptoms of hypertension in adolescents can manifest from age 12 (during puberty) and persist until 17. This is due to body restructuring and changes in hormone metabolism. . The characteristic signs that an adolescent experiences an increase in blood pressure are increased sweating, a strong heart attack, the presence of tinnitus, dizziness, headache at any time of the day, insomnia, a feeling of heat on the facial skin, discomfort in the epigastric region. .
Important! To ensure that the possibility of vessel pathology occurs in this particular case, it is necessary to measure the pressure on a person several times in a row, preferably every 15 minutes. These indicators should be recorded and be sure to report them to a doctor to prescribe adequate treatment. Which medication to take - the doctor will decide.
If you find some symptoms that are accompanied by an increase in blood pressure, you need to consult a doctor, examine and identify the real cause of such pathologies: neoplasms, kidney, endocrine, vascular diseases. Therapists, neuropathologists and family physicians will prescribe appropriate treatment based on diagnostic data, functional characteristics of the body, age group, concomitant diseases and predisposition to allergies.
With hypertension, adrenoblockers, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, slow calcium channel blockers are prescribed.
Apply physiotherapy - electrosleep; magnetotherapy; UHF therapy; infrared laser therapy, as well as traditional medicine. Hypertensive patients are advised to follow a diet and consume adequate fruits and vegetables.
Important! Preventive measures to prevent vascular pathology and the development of hypertension include timely visits to medical examinations, normalization of work and rest, moderation in diet, combating excess weight, prevention of stressful situations, consumption of adequate amounts of water, vegetables, fruits-fruits, as well as the elimination of dependence on nicotine and alcohol (if any).
The difference between high and low pressure
Along with the signs of hypertension, in which the rate can increase, there is a manifestation of low blood pressure, called hypotension.
Periodic pressure drops are characterized by indicators below 101/66 mm Hg. Art. It all depends on the age group, so the number may vary.
Despite the fact that the presence of unbearable paroxysmal headaches occurs both with hypotension and hypertension, with a decrease in pressure, the following symptoms will be present that distinguish high from low pressure:
- Severe health and weakness. Since the morning the patient feels weak and unwell.
- Cold feet. Hands and feet are always cold.
- Sounds in the ears (periodic presence).
- Unpleasant sensation in the heart area, tachycardia. Each patient has their own feelings.
- Dizziness and frequent darkening (sometimes double vision) in the eyes. Such symptoms are characteristic not only in the morning, but also during the day.
- Drowsiness during the day, sleep disturbances at night. During the day, patients feel the need to sleep at all times. The highlight of the activity begins in the afternoon. The night passed restlessly, sleep was shallow.
- Digestive problems. Hypotent patients often experience gastritis, liver problems, constipation, dyspepsia, and dysbacteriosis.
The above characteristic symptoms are most often found in young people, most of whom are women. Reasons for lowering blood pressure are stress, lack of sleep, poor lifestyle, lack of vitamins, strict dietary use, hormonal disorders, strong physical and mental stress, the presence of some somatic diseases (endocrine, cervical osteochondrosis, liver, kidneys. , VVD, sedentary lifestyle). Prolonged depression can be a major cause of low blood pressure.
The first "bell" about the onset of the development of hypotension occurs when in the morning a person gets out of bed heavy, feels overwhelmed, irritated and doesn’t get enough sleep. After a while (everyone is a purely individual), a headache appears, which may not go away until lunch.
Here, common symptoms with hypertension are the appearance of nausea, vomiting, meteorological dependence and fainting, a long course without symptoms. You can improve low blood pressure by taking special medications, diet therapy, herbal remedies and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Therapy
Medicines that increase blood pressure include tincture of Eleutherococcus or Ginseng, a special drug. Caffeine has a similar effect.
Herbal medicine involves the intake of decoctions and infusions of herbs from plants such as St. John's wort. John, lemongrass, ginseng, immortelle, tartar, ginger.
For hypotensive patients, it is acceptable to take small doses of alcohol. A glass of red wine or 25 g of cognac for a week will benefit the body: it will dilate blood vessels and improve blood circulation. A cup of coffee in the morning will bring a good mood.
Hypocritical patients should sleep enough to feel alert (more than 8 hours a day), move enough, eat a balanced diet, and also engage in moderate sports (morning exercise, swimming, aerobics, yoga, outdoor games), do douching with contrastbathing, alternating with massage.
Important! Untreated hypotension after the age of 40 can turn into hypertension.
Any person is advised to carefully monitor their blood pressure levels. It is necessary to use the tonometer in a calm state, with good and bad health, after sleep and before night. It is desirable to record all indicators, compare and determine "your" pressure, in which the best work capacity and important activities are recorded.
If the rising numbers continue for a long time, you should definitely see a doctor to protect yourself from fatal complications in the future. Be healthy!